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The York Princesses
Stained Glass Canterbury Cathedral
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Much is written about the York remnant after Henry Tudor
came to power in 1485. The fates of men like John de la Pole and his brothers are well documented, but what about the women who suddenly found themselves on the
wrong side of power? No one knew this struggle more than the daughters of
Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville. They had been raised as royal princesses but
found themselves named bastards of a dead king.
The history of at least one York princess is fairly well known.
Elizabeth of York made her way in this new world as the wife of Henry Tudor,
forging the new dynasty together for the sake of peace. At the time of Henry’s coronation, Elizabeth also had four sisters
who were destined to whatever future Henry determined for them.
The oldest of these sisters, after Elizabeth, was Cecily.
She had been married to a man named Ralph Scrope during her uncle’s brief
reign. Documentation of this marriage and the reasons for it are sparse, and it
was quickly annulled when Henry came to power. Henry chose a man who could be
counted completely loyal to his Tudor king for Cecily’s second husband. John
Welles and Cecily seemed to find happiness together, though both of their
children predeceased him. Upon Viscount Welles death, Cecily attended her sister
in various roles for three years before following Woodville family tradition
and
making a scandalous third marriage with Thomas Kyme. Cecily would learn
whether love made up for wealth when Henry confiscated her estates in his anger
over the unapproved marriage. One hopes that this final marriage enabled Cecily
to find happiness away from court, but the record of her fades before her death
at age 38 in 1507.
Elizabeth and Cecily had two sisters, as well as their two
mysterious brothers, who died before their father’s death in 1483. Little Mary
and Margaret would not face the tumultuous futures of their sisters. The next
sister, more than six years younger than Cecily, was Anne.
Even less is known of this quiet York sister. Anne had been
betrothed to Thomas Howard by Richard III. This was one decision that Henry
seemed to agree with, and the two were married in 1495 when Anne was nineteen
years old. She spent some time at court serving her sister, but little else is
known of Anne of York. She found favor under Henry VIII, as evinced by gifts of
estates made to her, but she died shortly after his ascendancy, leaving no
surviving children.
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Elizabeth and her daughters
19th century copy of lost panel from St George altarpiece |
The next York sister has a well documented history.
Catherine was one of many English princesses considered for a Scottish match
before she was married to William Courtenay. He spent significant amounts of
time in the Tower for his traitorous words regarding Henry VII’s reign before
his death in 1511, shortly following his reinstatement as Earl of Devon by
Henry VIII. Their son, Henry Courtenay, initially found favor with the new King
Henry until he found himself on the wrong side of Henry’s Great Matter. He was
executed, along with Henry Pole and Nicholas Carew, as a result of the supposed
Exeter Conspiracy in 1538. Catherine, who had taken a vow of chastity after
William’s death, did not live to see her son executed, though she did outlive
the remainder of the children of Edward IV. She died in 1527 before her
family’s fall from favor.
The final York daughter was Bridget, born less than three
years before her father’s death. Bridget entered the Dartford Priory in 1490,
though it is unknown if this was to honor a plan of her father’s, her own
wishes, or due to other reasons. Evidence of Bridget’s study of Catholic saints
exists, and she spent the remainder of her life as a nun. She died in 1517,
never foreseeing the dissolution of the priory that would occur under her nephew,
Henry VIII.
Each of these sisters played a role in the life of their sister,
Elizabeth, who was the first Tudor queen and mother of Henry VIII. Her story
may be the most intriguing of all, as she bore and buried her own share of
royal babes and must have always wondered about the fate of her lost brothers,
who became known as the Princes in the Tower. Did she believe them murdered by
her uncle? What did she think about the appearance of Perkin Warbeck, claiming
to be her younger brother, Richard? Of course, there is no way to truly know,
but I attempt to give answer to these questions when I tell Elizabeth’s story in
Plantagenet Princess, Tudor Queen.
This article was originally written for TudorsDynasty.com in September 2015
